NCPI FHIR Implementation Guide v2
0.1.0 - ci-build

NCPI FHIR Implementation Guide v2 - Local Development build (v0.1.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

Logical Model: CdmResearchStudy - Detailed Descriptions

Draft as of 2025-01-04

Definitions for the SharedDataModelResearchStudy logical model.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. SharedDataModelResearchStudy
Definition

The Shared Data Model for Research Study represents the understanding of what a Research Study is from the context of users and authors of the NCPI FHIR IG.

ShortShared Data Model for Research Study
Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Logical ModelInstances of this logical model are not marked to be the target of a Reference
2. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.persistentIdentifier
Definition

External facing, globally unique identifier.

ShortExternal facing, globally unique identifier.
Control0..*
TypeIdentifier
4. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.parentStudy
Definition

Parent study, required only for substudies.

ShortParent study, required only for substudies.
Control0..1
Typehttps://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/StructureDefinition/SharedDataModelResearchStudy
6. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name
Definition

Name is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. All ResearchStudy records must have at least one Name object with Name.Type=”formal title”.

ShortName is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. All ResearchStudy records must have at least one Name object with Name.Type=”formal title”.
Control1..*
TypeBackboneElement
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
8. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.id
Definition

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
Control0..1
Typeid
Is Modifierfalse
XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summaryfalse
10. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.extension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 12. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    14. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.text
    Definition

    The study's name

    ShortThe study's name
    Control1..1
    Typestring
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    16. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.type
    Definition

    Type of name or title this name relates to (formal-title, internale-name, familiar-name, etc)

    ShortType of name or title this name relates to (formal-title, internale-name, familiar-name, etc)
    Control0..1
    BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Study Name Type
    (extensible to https://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/ValueSet/study-name-type-vs)
    Typecode
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    18. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.description
    Definition

    short summary of relevant and important information about the study.

    Shortshort summary of relevant and important information about the study.
    Control1..1
    Typestring
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    20. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.website
    Definition

    A URL for a website that provides information about the research effort as a whole.

    ShortA URL for a website that provides information about the research effort as a whole.
    Control0..*
    Typeurl
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    22. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.totalParticipants
    Definition

    Number of total participants represented by the data in this study.

    ShortNumber of total participants represented by the data in this study.
    Control0..1
    Typeinteger
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    24. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus
    Definition

    The primary focus(es) of the study. This can include terms related to disease area, intervention, drug, device, or other focus. MeSH terms are preferred.

    ShortThe primary focus(es) of the study. This can include terms related to disease area, intervention, drug, device, or other focus. MeSH terms are preferred.
    Control0..*
    TypeBackboneElement
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
    26. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.id
    Definition

    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
    Control0..1
    Typeid
    Is Modifierfalse
    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
    Summaryfalse
    28. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.extension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 30. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.modifierExtension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      32. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.term
      Definition

      The term used to describe the focus of the study. A valid MeSH is preferred.

      ShortThe term used to describe the focus of the study. A valid MeSH is preferred.
      Control1..1
      Typestring
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      34. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.termSource
      Definition

      The source ontology or vocabulary for subjectFocus.Term (optional if term uses curie).

      ShortThe source ontology or vocabulary for subjectFocus.Term (optional if term uses curie).
      Control0..1
      Typestring
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      36. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.enrollmentCriteria
      Definition

      EnrollmentCriteria describes the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to enroll participants in this study. This can be provided as a free text description, but may also be structured using bullets, tables, or other organizational methods.

      ShortEnrollmentCriteria describes the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to enroll participants in this study. This can be provided as a free text description, but may also be structured using bullets, tables, or other organizational methods.
      Control0..1
      Typemarkdown
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      38. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population
      Definition

      Population is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. Population provides an overall description of the general population enrolled in the study, including basic demographics at a minimum and other useful population descriptors as appropriate.

      ShortPopulation is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. Population provides an overall description of the general population enrolled in the study, including basic demographics at a minimum and other useful population descriptors as appropriate.
      Control0..*
      TypeBackboneElement
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
      40. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.id
      Definition

      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
      Control0..1
      Typeid
      Is Modifierfalse
      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
      Summaryfalse
      42. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.extension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 44. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        46. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.type
        Definition

        A term that specifies the population being described.

        ShortA term that specifies the population being described.
        Control1..1
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        48. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.description
        Definition

        A free text field that provides more information about the population specified in PopulationType within the context of this researchStudy.

        ShortA free text field that provides more information about the population specified in PopulationType within the context of this researchStudy.
        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        50. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.citation
        Definition

        Provide any relevant information regarding how to cite this study. This can be as specific as including a full citation or as simple as a DOI.

        ShortProvide any relevant information regarding how to cite this study. This can be as specific as including a full citation or as simple as a DOI.
        Control0..*
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        52. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.publications
        Definition

        Provide a list of publications that use this data. This may be updated to include new publications as they are created.

        ShortProvide a list of publications that use this data. This may be updated to include new publications as they are created.
        Control0..*
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        54. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.additionalDocumentation
        Definition

        AdditionalDocumentation should be used to provide URLs, citations, or other appropriate references to technical documentation that is important for understanding the data included in this study. This can include data dictionaries, methods descriptions, github repositories, case report forms (CRFs), or any other relevant documentation.

        ShortAdditionalDocumentation should be used to provide URLs, citations, or other appropriate references to technical documentation that is important for understanding the data included in this study. This can include data dictionaries, methods descriptions, github repositories, case report forms (CRFs), or any other relevant documentation.
        Control0..*
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        56. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.consortium
        Definition

        If the data in this study was gathered as part of a consortial effort, list the consortium here.

        ShortIf the data in this study was gathered as part of a consortial effort, list the consortium here.
        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        58. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.acknowledgements
        Definition

        Acknowledgements describes any attribution or acknowledgements relevant to the study. This can include but is not limited to funding sources, organizational affiliations or sponsors.

        ShortAcknowledgements describes any attribution or acknowledgements relevant to the study. This can include but is not limited to funding sources, organizational affiliations or sponsors.
        Control0..*
        Typestring
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        60. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel
        Definition

        Every study must have at least one Primary Contact defined. Additional personnel such as Primary Investigator(s), Administrator(s), Collaborator(s) or other roles may also be included. If there are no appropriate individuals who can serve as primary contact for a study, an organization may be provided.

        ShortEvery study must have at least one Primary Contact defined. Additional personnel such as Primary Investigator(s), Administrator(s), Collaborator(s) or other roles may also be included. If there are no appropriate individuals who can serve as primary contact for a study, an organization may be provided.
        Control0..*
        TypeBackboneElement
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
        62. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.id
        Definition

        Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

        ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
        Control0..1
        Typeid
        Is Modifierfalse
        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
        Summaryfalse
        64. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.extension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

        ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 66. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.modifierExtension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          68. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.name
          Definition

          The name of the person being described.

          ShortThe name of the person being described.
          Control1..1
          TypeHumanName
          70. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.role
          Definition

          The role of the person being described.

          ShortThe role of the person being described.
          Control1..1
          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Study Personnel Role
          (extensible to https://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/ValueSet/study-personnel-role-vs)
          Typecode
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          72. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.organization
          Definition

          The organizational affiliation of the person being described.

          ShortThe organizational affiliation of the person being described.
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension

          Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

          0. SharedDataModelResearchStudy
          Definition

          The Shared Data Model for Research Study represents the understanding of what a Research Study is from the context of users and authors of the NCPI FHIR IG.

          ShortShared Data Model for Research Study
          Logical ModelInstances of this logical model are not marked to be the target of a Reference
          2. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.persistentIdentifier
          Definition

          External facing, globally unique identifier.

          ShortExternal facing, globally unique identifier.
          Control0..*
          TypeIdentifier
          4. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.parentStudy
          Definition

          Parent study, required only for substudies.

          ShortParent study, required only for substudies.
          Control0..1
          Typehttps://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/StructureDefinition/SharedDataModelResearchStudy
          6. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name
          Definition

          Name is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. All ResearchStudy records must have at least one Name object with Name.Type=”formal title”.

          ShortName is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. All ResearchStudy records must have at least one Name object with Name.Type=”formal title”.
          Control1..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          8. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.text
          Definition

          The study's name

          ShortThe study's name
          Control1..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          10. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.type
          Definition

          Type of name or title this name relates to (formal-title, internale-name, familiar-name, etc)

          ShortType of name or title this name relates to (formal-title, internale-name, familiar-name, etc)
          Control0..1
          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Study Name Type
          (extensible to https://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/ValueSet/study-name-type-vs)
          Typecode
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          12. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.description
          Definition

          short summary of relevant and important information about the study.

          Shortshort summary of relevant and important information about the study.
          Control1..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          14. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.website
          Definition

          A URL for a website that provides information about the research effort as a whole.

          ShortA URL for a website that provides information about the research effort as a whole.
          Control0..*
          Typeurl
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          16. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.totalParticipants
          Definition

          Number of total participants represented by the data in this study.

          ShortNumber of total participants represented by the data in this study.
          Control0..1
          Typeinteger
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          18. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus
          Definition

          The primary focus(es) of the study. This can include terms related to disease area, intervention, drug, device, or other focus. MeSH terms are preferred.

          ShortThe primary focus(es) of the study. This can include terms related to disease area, intervention, drug, device, or other focus. MeSH terms are preferred.
          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          20. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.term
          Definition

          The term used to describe the focus of the study. A valid MeSH is preferred.

          ShortThe term used to describe the focus of the study. A valid MeSH is preferred.
          Control1..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          22. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.termSource
          Definition

          The source ontology or vocabulary for subjectFocus.Term (optional if term uses curie).

          ShortThe source ontology or vocabulary for subjectFocus.Term (optional if term uses curie).
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          24. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.enrollmentCriteria
          Definition

          EnrollmentCriteria describes the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to enroll participants in this study. This can be provided as a free text description, but may also be structured using bullets, tables, or other organizational methods.

          ShortEnrollmentCriteria describes the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to enroll participants in this study. This can be provided as a free text description, but may also be structured using bullets, tables, or other organizational methods.
          Control0..1
          Typemarkdown
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          26. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population
          Definition

          Population is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. Population provides an overall description of the general population enrolled in the study, including basic demographics at a minimum and other useful population descriptors as appropriate.

          ShortPopulation is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. Population provides an overall description of the general population enrolled in the study, including basic demographics at a minimum and other useful population descriptors as appropriate.
          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          28. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.type
          Definition

          A term that specifies the population being described.

          ShortA term that specifies the population being described.
          Control1..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          30. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.description
          Definition

          A free text field that provides more information about the population specified in PopulationType within the context of this researchStudy.

          ShortA free text field that provides more information about the population specified in PopulationType within the context of this researchStudy.
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          32. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.citation
          Definition

          Provide any relevant information regarding how to cite this study. This can be as specific as including a full citation or as simple as a DOI.

          ShortProvide any relevant information regarding how to cite this study. This can be as specific as including a full citation or as simple as a DOI.
          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          34. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.publications
          Definition

          Provide a list of publications that use this data. This may be updated to include new publications as they are created.

          ShortProvide a list of publications that use this data. This may be updated to include new publications as they are created.
          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          36. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.additionalDocumentation
          Definition

          AdditionalDocumentation should be used to provide URLs, citations, or other appropriate references to technical documentation that is important for understanding the data included in this study. This can include data dictionaries, methods descriptions, github repositories, case report forms (CRFs), or any other relevant documentation.

          ShortAdditionalDocumentation should be used to provide URLs, citations, or other appropriate references to technical documentation that is important for understanding the data included in this study. This can include data dictionaries, methods descriptions, github repositories, case report forms (CRFs), or any other relevant documentation.
          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          38. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.consortium
          Definition

          If the data in this study was gathered as part of a consortial effort, list the consortium here.

          ShortIf the data in this study was gathered as part of a consortial effort, list the consortium here.
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          40. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.acknowledgements
          Definition

          Acknowledgements describes any attribution or acknowledgements relevant to the study. This can include but is not limited to funding sources, organizational affiliations or sponsors.

          ShortAcknowledgements describes any attribution or acknowledgements relevant to the study. This can include but is not limited to funding sources, organizational affiliations or sponsors.
          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          42. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel
          Definition

          Every study must have at least one Primary Contact defined. Additional personnel such as Primary Investigator(s), Administrator(s), Collaborator(s) or other roles may also be included. If there are no appropriate individuals who can serve as primary contact for a study, an organization may be provided.

          ShortEvery study must have at least one Primary Contact defined. Additional personnel such as Primary Investigator(s), Administrator(s), Collaborator(s) or other roles may also be included. If there are no appropriate individuals who can serve as primary contact for a study, an organization may be provided.
          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          44. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.name
          Definition

          The name of the person being described.

          ShortThe name of the person being described.
          Control1..1
          TypeHumanName
          46. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.role
          Definition

          The role of the person being described.

          ShortThe role of the person being described.
          Control1..1
          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Study Personnel Role
          (extensible to https://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/ValueSet/study-personnel-role-vs)
          Typecode
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          48. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.organization
          Definition

          The organizational affiliation of the person being described.

          ShortThe organizational affiliation of the person being described.
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension

          Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

          0. SharedDataModelResearchStudy
          Definition

          The Shared Data Model for Research Study represents the understanding of what a Research Study is from the context of users and authors of the NCPI FHIR IG.

          ShortShared Data Model for Research Study
          Control0..*
          Is Modifierfalse
          Logical ModelInstances of this logical model are not marked to be the target of a Reference
          2. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.persistentIdentifier
          Definition

          External facing, globally unique identifier.

          ShortExternal facing, globally unique identifier.
          Control0..*
          TypeIdentifier
          4. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.parentStudy
          Definition

          Parent study, required only for substudies.

          ShortParent study, required only for substudies.
          Control0..1
          Typehttps://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/StructureDefinition/SharedDataModelResearchStudy
          6. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name
          Definition

          Name is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. All ResearchStudy records must have at least one Name object with Name.Type=”formal title”.

          ShortName is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. All ResearchStudy records must have at least one Name object with Name.Type=”formal title”.
          Control1..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
          8. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          Typeid
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          10. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.extension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 12. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            14. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.text
            Definition

            The study's name

            ShortThe study's name
            Control1..1
            Typestring
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            16. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.name.type
            Definition

            Type of name or title this name relates to (formal-title, internale-name, familiar-name, etc)

            ShortType of name or title this name relates to (formal-title, internale-name, familiar-name, etc)
            Control0..1
            BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Study Name Type
            (extensible to https://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/ValueSet/study-name-type-vs)
            Typecode
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            18. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.description
            Definition

            short summary of relevant and important information about the study.

            Shortshort summary of relevant and important information about the study.
            Control1..1
            Typestring
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            20. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.website
            Definition

            A URL for a website that provides information about the research effort as a whole.

            ShortA URL for a website that provides information about the research effort as a whole.
            Control0..*
            Typeurl
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            22. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.totalParticipants
            Definition

            Number of total participants represented by the data in this study.

            ShortNumber of total participants represented by the data in this study.
            Control0..1
            Typeinteger
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            24. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus
            Definition

            The primary focus(es) of the study. This can include terms related to disease area, intervention, drug, device, or other focus. MeSH terms are preferred.

            ShortThe primary focus(es) of the study. This can include terms related to disease area, intervention, drug, device, or other focus. MeSH terms are preferred.
            Control0..*
            TypeBackboneElement
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
            26. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.id
            Definition

            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
            Control0..1
            Typeid
            Is Modifierfalse
            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
            Summaryfalse
            28. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.extension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

            ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ url
            • 30. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              32. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.term
              Definition

              The term used to describe the focus of the study. A valid MeSH is preferred.

              ShortThe term used to describe the focus of the study. A valid MeSH is preferred.
              Control1..1
              Typestring
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              34. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.studyFocus.termSource
              Definition

              The source ontology or vocabulary for subjectFocus.Term (optional if term uses curie).

              ShortThe source ontology or vocabulary for subjectFocus.Term (optional if term uses curie).
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              36. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.enrollmentCriteria
              Definition

              EnrollmentCriteria describes the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to enroll participants in this study. This can be provided as a free text description, but may also be structured using bullets, tables, or other organizational methods.

              ShortEnrollmentCriteria describes the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to enroll participants in this study. This can be provided as a free text description, but may also be structured using bullets, tables, or other organizational methods.
              Control0..1
              Typemarkdown
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              38. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population
              Definition

              Population is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. Population provides an overall description of the general population enrolled in the study, including basic demographics at a minimum and other useful population descriptors as appropriate.

              ShortPopulation is a repeatable object that consists of sets of two fields. Population provides an overall description of the general population enrolled in the study, including basic demographics at a minimum and other useful population descriptors as appropriate.
              Control0..*
              TypeBackboneElement
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
              40. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typeid
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              42. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.extension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ url
              • 44. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.modifierExtension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                46. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.type
                Definition

                A term that specifies the population being described.

                ShortA term that specifies the population being described.
                Control1..1
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                48. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.population.description
                Definition

                A free text field that provides more information about the population specified in PopulationType within the context of this researchStudy.

                ShortA free text field that provides more information about the population specified in PopulationType within the context of this researchStudy.
                Control0..1
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                50. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.citation
                Definition

                Provide any relevant information regarding how to cite this study. This can be as specific as including a full citation or as simple as a DOI.

                ShortProvide any relevant information regarding how to cite this study. This can be as specific as including a full citation or as simple as a DOI.
                Control0..*
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                52. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.publications
                Definition

                Provide a list of publications that use this data. This may be updated to include new publications as they are created.

                ShortProvide a list of publications that use this data. This may be updated to include new publications as they are created.
                Control0..*
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                54. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.additionalDocumentation
                Definition

                AdditionalDocumentation should be used to provide URLs, citations, or other appropriate references to technical documentation that is important for understanding the data included in this study. This can include data dictionaries, methods descriptions, github repositories, case report forms (CRFs), or any other relevant documentation.

                ShortAdditionalDocumentation should be used to provide URLs, citations, or other appropriate references to technical documentation that is important for understanding the data included in this study. This can include data dictionaries, methods descriptions, github repositories, case report forms (CRFs), or any other relevant documentation.
                Control0..*
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                56. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.consortium
                Definition

                If the data in this study was gathered as part of a consortial effort, list the consortium here.

                ShortIf the data in this study was gathered as part of a consortial effort, list the consortium here.
                Control0..1
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                58. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.acknowledgements
                Definition

                Acknowledgements describes any attribution or acknowledgements relevant to the study. This can include but is not limited to funding sources, organizational affiliations or sponsors.

                ShortAcknowledgements describes any attribution or acknowledgements relevant to the study. This can include but is not limited to funding sources, organizational affiliations or sponsors.
                Control0..*
                Typestring
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                60. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel
                Definition

                Every study must have at least one Primary Contact defined. Additional personnel such as Primary Investigator(s), Administrator(s), Collaborator(s) or other roles may also be included. If there are no appropriate individuals who can serve as primary contact for a study, an organization may be provided.

                ShortEvery study must have at least one Primary Contact defined. Additional personnel such as Primary Investigator(s), Administrator(s), Collaborator(s) or other roles may also be included. If there are no appropriate individuals who can serve as primary contact for a study, an organization may be provided.
                Control0..*
                TypeBackboneElement
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children unless an empty Parameters resource (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()) or $this is Parameters)
                62. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.id
                Definition

                Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                Control0..1
                Typeid
                Is Modifierfalse
                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                Summaryfalse
                64. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.extension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summaryfalse
                Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • value @ url
                • 66. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.modifierExtension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                  Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                  ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  68. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.name
                  Definition

                  The name of the person being described.

                  ShortThe name of the person being described.
                  Control1..1
                  TypeHumanName
                  70. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.role
                  Definition

                  The role of the person being described.

                  ShortThe role of the person being described.
                  Control1..1
                  BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Study Personnel Role
                  (extensible to https://nih-ncpi.github.io/ncpi-fhir-ig-2/ValueSet/study-personnel-role-vs)
                  Typecode
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  72. SharedDataModelResearchStudy.personnel.organization
                  Definition

                  The organizational affiliation of the person being described.

                  ShortThe organizational affiliation of the person being described.
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension